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The ninth sutra of the Samadhipada of the Yoga Darshana, the first chapter,is a description, analysis, and understanding and exposition of the third vṛttis vikalpa, it is. Vikalpa - The ninth sutra goes like this
श॒ब्दज्ञा॒ना॒नुपा॒ती वस्तुशून्यो॑ विक॒ल्पः ॥ १.९॥
Śabda-jñāna-anupātī vastu-śūnyaḥ vikalpaḥ ॥ 1.9 ॥
A beautiful arrangement of the words śabda jñāna anupātī vastu-śūnyaḥ vikalpaḥ. So vikalpaḥ is defined. What is vikalpaḥ ? Śabda jñāna the knowledge or information which comes out of śabda, word, sound, śabda jñāna knowledge coming out of a word, a sound, information coming out of a word, a sound, information coming out of a sound, you hear something and you get some knowledge and information that is the śabda jñānam. In fact surprising surprisingly most of the information and knowledge we get through śabda jñānam, we keep on listening and we get the knowledge, get the information. But again surprisingly is right or wrong is different. With all its limitations which we have seen earlier. But śabda jñāna is the knowledge and information which comes through śabda. Śabda also means word, spoken word. That is śabda jñāna. Anupātī it is depending, based on, following, that is called anupātī. Based on śabda jñāna, following the śabda jñāna, that is the anupātī. Vastu-śūnyam, actually the object is śūnyam, it is not there, it is unreal. Means the conclusion and the knowledge and the information followed or received by through śabda jñāna is actually not there. Means what is conveyed through the words is not there. What does it mean? It means simply imagination. So vikalpa is imagination. Vikalpa is building castles. Vikalpa is something like day dreaming, imagination. That why the word kalpa is there - kalpana, kalpitam it is not there. So this imagination which is not actually existing and that is called as vikalpaḥ. What an amount of implications it will have in our human relations, day to day activities, if vikalpaḥ is taken for granted and so much amount of time we keep on wasting in day dreaming, imagining. What are all things we keep on imagining? And what are all the things we keep on building in our imaginations? But things are not happening, things which are not there not existing and it is not just not existing. Because we may say that if we imagine, it can become creative, we can say that, and all imaginations are there behind creativity. Our creativity is supported by imagination. But vikalpaḥ is not that. It is not possible. It is impossible but still imagining about the impossibilities. The traditional examples given for this is, a hair having a horns, hair can never have horns. It is not possible. It is something like bananas hanging to a mango tree. Mango tree can never give bananas. We can imagine, but not possible. Or a rose plant giving mangoes not possible. We can imagine, we can tell - śabda-jñāna, we can use, what is not possible, what is impossible is imagined. A train running in air we can imagine. But trains can never run in air. This is called as vikalpaḥ - śabdanupātī - śabda-jñāna-anupātī means that information conveyed is not existent or non existent is conveyed. Actually it cannot be conveyed that is why it is vikalpaḥ. Train cannot move in air but we can say train moving in the air that is śabda-jñāna - śabda-jñāna-anupātī . But it is vastu-śūnyaḥ it is not possible. So this is the description meaning of vikalpaḥ. So much of information understanding is packed in that. Most of us we spend hours together day dreaming, building castles and imaginations. And nothing is becoming fruitful, nothing is brought to fruition. And that as we say counting stars in the sky. It is a waste of the time, waste of the energy and nothing is going to come out of it. And this is śabda-jñāna-anupātī vastu-śūnyaḥ vikalpaḥ. That is why it is to be eliminated. That is why it is a vṛtti. And that is the importance of this nice sutra from Maharishi Patanjali hinting that let us not waste our time in vikalpaḥ. And impossible imaginations, building castles, and day dreaming that is not going to help us anywhere, and that is how vikalpaḥ has been understood, should be understood and we shall conclude with this sutra śabda-jñāna-anupātī vastu-śūnyaḥ vikalpaḥ.
Om Shanti Shanti Shanti
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः||
To Be Continued..
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These are transcriptions of sessions delivered by Vice-President of Vivekananda Rock Memorial & Vivekananda Kendra, Sri M. Hanumantha Rao Ji.
Audio Link - https://youtu.be/853EMeA2mws?si=vJ0WXiI2s1UzbKkU
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मुक्तसंग्ङोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वित:।
सिद्धयसिद्धयोर्निर्विकार: कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८.२६॥
Freed from attachment, non-egoistic, endowed with courage and enthusiasm and unperturbed by success or failure, the worker is known as a pure (Sattvika) one. Four outstanding and essential qualities of a worker. - Bhagwad Gita : XVIII-26
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