Written by: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, Written on: November 7, 1875, Published on: 1882, Music by: Jadunath Bhattacharya, Raga: Desh, Translated to English by: Sri Aurobindo Ghosh, First publication of translated version on: November 20, 1909, First Performed on: 1896, First Performed by: Rabindranath Tagore
The national Mahamantra Bankimchandra wrote the song 'Vande Mataram' on 7th November, 1875.This lunar day was Kartik Shukla Navami! This song had been published in the novel 'Anandmath' by Bankimchandra. The said book contains information about the violent revolt of Sanyasis against injustice inflicted by Muslims and the British in Bengal in the year 1772.
In the year 1905, Lord Curzon declared the division of Bengal. Whole of Bengal revolted furiously in order to revoke this division. These two words encompassed the whole of Bengal. It was these words themselves that made the English rage with anger. Curzon's chela, i.e. the Governor of Bengal had imposed a legal ban on uttering the words 'Vande Mataram'. This ban resulted in 'Vande Mataram' getting nationwide importance. It became a National Mahamantra.
It became the favorite word of the freedom fighters. On 6th August 1906, a daily newspaper was brought out in the name 'Vande Mataram'. Any program related to the freedom struggle would be concluded only after saying 'Vande Mataram'. The National Flag decided upon by Sister Nivedita at the Kolkata Congress and the one hoisted by Madam Cama at the International Communist Conference held in Germany had these words boldly encrypted on it in the Devanagari script. The sessions of the All India Congress would start with the song 'Vande Mataram'.
Utterance of these words gave freedom fighters and the common public the strength to withstand lathi blows on their heads and whiplashes on their open bodies. In 1905, the 21st session of the Congress was held at Varanasi (Benaras). During this session, the famed Bengali poetess and singer Sarladevi Chaudhurani sang the entire 'Vande Mataram'. Nowadays, we just sing the first stanza of 'Vande Mataram'.
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मुक्तसंग्ङोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वित:।
सिद्धयसिद्धयोर्निर्विकार: कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८.२६॥
Freed from attachment, non-egoistic, endowed with courage and enthusiasm and unperturbed by success or failure, the worker is known as a pure (Sattvika) one. Four outstanding and essential qualities of a worker. - Bhagwad Gita : XVIII-26
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