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From 12th Sutra to the 27th Sutra are the philosophical dimensions of Yoga Darshana of Maharshi Patanjali. We see that the tradition speaks that Yoga Darshana has its connection or follows, or almost rooted, takes help from the Sankhya, Sankhya Darshana. But as a practice, the philosophy of the Yoga Darshana Yoga Sutras are very clearly presented and very sharply explained in these particular Sutras from the Sutra number 12 to the 27th.
These Sutras are highly philosophical. They give the philosophical background of the Yoga Darshana, which is very much necessary to understand that Yoga is not just concerned with only the physical, bodily exercises. And these important Sutras are the stand-alone points, cornerstones of the Yoga Darshana, Yoga philosophy of Maharshi Patanjali. Let us see the Sutra number 12.
क्ले॒शमू॒लः क॒र्मा॒श॒यो दृ॒ष्टादृष्टजन्मवे॑दनी॒यः ॥ २.१२॥
kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ
kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ
These are the words used in this particular Sutra. Kleśa is Kleśas. Mūlaḥ is the roots. Kleśa Mūlaḥ - Roots of Kleśas are rooted in Kleśas. Roots of Kleśa are Kleśas rooted in Kleśa. So Kleśa Mūlaḥ is rooted in Kleśa.Karmāśaya - Storehouse of Karmas, Saṃskāras. Vehicles of Action. Āśaya is that beautiful word. We have seen the word earlier about the Karmāśaya. So Karmāśaya is the vehicle of Karma, storehouse of Karma generally referred as Saṃskāras, Saṃskāras. So Kleśa Mūlaḥ, Karmāśaya, Dṛṣṭa is visible - Adṛṣṭa not visible, invisible. Janma is birth, the life. Vedanīyaḥ to be experienced. Vedanīyaḥ There is a Vedanā in that. So Vedanīyaḥ, to be experienced.
So kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ. Kleśa Mūlaḥ is rooted in Kleśa. Karmāśaya, Karmāśaya is the storehouse of Karmas. Dṛṣṭa visible. Adṛṣṭa invisible. Janma is the life. Vedanīyaḥ to be experienced.
So Kleśas are the root cause of Karmāśaya to be experienced in present life and also which are not being experienced at present. Dṛṣṭa and Adṛṣṭa. The vehicle of actions that is the Karmāśaya has the origin in Kleśas, rooted in Kleśas. So Karmāśaya is rooted in Kleśas.
All the instincts, all the roots of actions, yes, they are rooted in where? In Kleśas. All the Saṃskāras, imprints, tendencies, they all have their roots in Kleśas. And that origin in the Kleśas and is experienced in the visible and invisible birth. That is this birth and the birth which may come.
It's a very important sutra or an important philosophical sutra in Patanjali Yoga Sutra where he is presenting an important dimension of Bhāratīya Saṃskṛti, Sanatan Dharma. The concept of Karma-siddhānta, Punarjanma-siddhānta, the law of karma and the law of incarnation. Karmāśayāḥ, the reservoirs of karma are rooted in Kleśas, Kleśa-mūlāḥ, and this brings out all kinds of experiences, Vedanīyāḥ in the present Dṛṣṭa and in the future Adṛṣṭa lives.
That's how Dṛṣṭa Janma, Adṛṣṭa Janma. Dṛṣṭa Anubhava, Adṛṣṭa Anubhava. We use the word Adṛṣṭam. Adṛṣṭam is not luck. Adṛṣṭam is that which is not seen, not visible or to be seen, to be yet to be seen, yet to be experienced. It is there, but yet to be experienced.
So Adṛṣṭa generally we translate, we understand as luck. It's not luck. In fact, what is luck? What is not seen? What was not expected? What was not experienced? That was experienced, that is experienced. It was there. Adṛṣṭa, not seen, not visible. The invisible came to visible form. That which is to be experienced is experienced. Adṛṣṭa Anubhava became a Dṛṣṭa Anubhava.
So this important sutra proposes that the roots of actions, all our actions, physical, mental, emotional, all our actions, they are all rooted in the Kleśas and that expression, that rolling out, that manifestation, that presentation in this and in the future Janma is done because of that.
So this is an important sutra. However, to know that Maharshi Patanjali Yoga Darshana has a specific philosophical dimension, philosophical presentation and a very important philosophical application, it's not out of the point to refer that Patanjali Yoga Darshana or the entire yoga system of philosophy is rooted in Sanātana Dharma, in Hindu Dharma.
Normally nowadays we listen, we hear that yoga philosophy is secular, but these sutras will show, will reiterate that it is specific and peculiar to the philosophy of the Hindu Dharma, philosophy of the Sanātana Dharma, and that is important connotation that all the experiences which we have in this life and all the experiences which we may have in future lives, Dṛṣṭa Janma and Adṛṣṭa Janma is because of the Karma-āśayas, the storehouse of karmas which are rooted in the Kleśas.
Swami Vivekananda again beautifully explains this particular sutra in his Rāja Yoga commentary on the Patanjali Yoga sutras.
"He says if you are the arranger you can arrange that body in one way or another, who makes up this body but you, who eats the food, if another ate the food for you, you would not live long, who makes the blood out of it, you certainly, who assimilates the blood and sends it to the veins, you, who creates the nerves and makes all the muscles, you are the manufacturer out of your own substance, you are the manufacturer of the body and you live in it, only we have lost the knowledge of how to make it, we have become automatic, degenerate, we have forgotten the process of manufacturing, so what we do automatically has again to be regulated.
This is very important dimension, Swami Vivekananda talks about the sutra of Maharshi. So Karmāśaya is literally a reservoir, a sleeping place, a dormant place, a potential place of karmas, and Karmāśaya obviously refers to the vehicle in our inner constitution, it is not outside our body mind complex, it is within ourselves, in the form of receptacles, residual Saṃskāras, impressions, tendencies.
In fact just to understand clearly Karmāśaya is something like or is like or is Kāraṇa Śarīra. Now the important point to note here is that though this is a Kāraṇa vehicle, Kāraṇa Āśaya, Karmāśaya, but the Kleśas which are responsible for the continuous generation of karmas and this Kāraṇa, the causal, the cause, the reason is to be adjusted, it is to be eliminated and that is the important dimension of yoga philosophy.
So the sutra is so important in presenting the style of the yoga philosophy - kleśa-mūlaḥ karmāśayo dṛṣṭādṛṣṭa-janma-vedanīyaḥ.
Let us see the further sutras.
Oṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ.
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः||
To Be Continued.. ----------------------------------------
These are transcription of session delivered by Vice-President of Vivekananda Rock Memorial & Vivekananda Kendra, Sri M. Hanumantha Rao Ji. Audio Link - https://youtu.be/4CBiejmWlUc?si=PQb5qDNUTv59YKZQRead n Get Articles, Magazines, Books @ http://prakashan.vivekanandakendra.org
मुक्तसंग्ङोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वित:।
सिद्धयसिद्धयोर्निर्विकार: कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८.२६॥
Freed from attachment, non-egoistic, endowed with courage and enthusiasm and unperturbed by success or failure, the worker is known as a pure (Sattvika) one. Four outstanding and essential qualities of a worker. - Bhagwad Gita : XVIII-26
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