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52nd Sutra of the Vibhuti Pada of Maharishi Patanjali's Yoga Darshan. The Sutra is
क्ष॒णतत्क्र॒म॒योः सं॒य॒माद्विवेक॑जं ज्ञा॒नम् ॥ ३.५२॥
kṣaṇa-tat-kramayoḥ saṃyamād vivekajaṃ jñānam ॥ 3.52 ॥
Another Vibhuti has been presented Kṣaṇa is the instant, minutest, smallest of the smallest of the smallest of the time, Kṣaṇa, is Tat, means it Krama, sequence and Saṃyama. Saṃyama on the sequence of the kṣaṇa. What will happen? Vivekajaṃ Jñānam Jñāna born of vivekajaṃ discrimination. Vivekachaṃ Jñānam a discriminative ability and the knowledge. Vivekachaṃ Jñānam - Viveka is the discrimination vivekajaṃ born of discrimination, Jñānam, knowledge knowledge born out of discrimination. And that comes out of Kṣaṇatatramayoḥ performing Saṃyama, the rough understanding performing Saṃyama or from Saṃyama on the Kṣaṇa, instant and on the two sequences of Kṣaṇa, two sequences of instance, comes the knowledge born of discrimination. Saṃyama on the Kṣaṇa and also Saṃyama on the sequence of two Kṣaṇas comes the knowledge born of discrimination. A special word has been used here vivekajaṃ jñānam though the literal meaning is the knowledge born of discrimination, it is better to understand it as the awareness of the reality between the two Kṣaṇas. And the Saṃyama on that, we should never forget Saṃyama is the process of Dhāraṇā, Dhyāna, Samādhi and performing Saṃyama on that, on the two things, on the Kṣaṇa itself and also on the sequence of the Kṣaṇa, one gains Vivekajaṃ Jñānam. Kṣaṇa is the minutest part of the limit. If we take it as a time, further it cannot be divisible, Indivisible limit of the time, Indivisible part of the atom. Further it cannot be divided. As an atom is a substance in which minuteness reaches its limit so a moment, a Kṣaṇa is a division of a time in which minuteness reaches its limit and it is so minute, it cannot be further divided. If there is a millionth of a second, and that millionth of a second if it is measurable, that which is measuring is subtler, is minutest than that which is being measured. Still minute of that and that is the meaning to be understood here or a moment is, a Kṣaṇa is that much of time, in which an atom takes in leaving its position in space, which it occupies, and reaches the next point for understanding, say an atom is at a point called, say B atom A is at a point called B and the displacement time required for the atom A from B, that is the Kṣaṇa and once it gets displaced from the point B, another atom, say C, occupies the position called B that space is the Krama sequence and this Saṃyama on the Kṣaṇa, and the Saṃyama on the sequence, the displacement, order of the displacement, and the space between the gap, that Saṃyama gives rise to the Vivekajaṃ Jñānam. The succession of the moments is the non-cessation of the flow thereof. It's very important. The succession of the moment is the non-cessation. The traditional example is given, that at the tip of the rope, a fire is there. You set fire at the tip of a rope, and the rope is rotated when we are rotating the rope, what is seen? We see a circle of fire. But actually it is not the circle of the fire.
The speed of rotation, and the successive movements, Kṣaṇa Krama, creates an impression that it is a circle of fire Agnivṛtta it is called. But by contemplating, by performing Saṃyama on the particular instant of the rotation, Kṣaṇa, and how that particular instant is changed, replaced by the second, that subtlety gives Vivekajaṃ Jñānam the knowledge born of discrimination. How subtle it is when we set fire on something, the fire will be blazing fire and it is so blazing, it seems that it is a continuous blazing but within that blazing, there are fire particles and these fire particles are getting replaced so continuously, the Krama is so much, instant replacements and though it is instant replacements, it looks like the time is zero, the replacement time is zero, but still there is a Kṣaṇa and Saṃyama on that gives the Jñānam of Vivekajaṃ, the Jñāna born of the Viveka. And the moments in their collection do not fall into a collection of actual things. This is what we say, Muhūrtaṃ, the day and night are all aggregates of mental conceptions. Because even thoughts are sequence, the cells are sequence. So it is a psychological, a mental concept it is. And the sutra should be studied along with our earlier sutra, in which there was a discussion about these changes - Kṣaṇatakamayoho is a process by which the Puruṣa transcends time and is projected in a manifestation in terms of time, it is, transcends it, but it is projected as a manifestation. This obviously is the last veil of illusion, Avidyā, which must be pierced and that is possible by the Jñāna of Vivekajaṃ and the technique given is the Saṃyama on that and the Saṃyama on the Kṣaṇa and the Kṣaṇakrama that is the important method, suggestion presented by Maharshi Patanjali on that. And the Krama of the Kṣaṇa is so instantaneous, like the flashes of the flame and instantaneous flashes of burning in a flame, in the fire are noticed, in fact we don't see that these instantaneous flashes of burning is taking place and that illusion, that it is continuous, once that is removed and that removal which happens is the Vivekajaṃ Jñānam, the knowledge of the Vivekajaṃ, born of the Vivekajaṃ. Similar, same to the flow of river every particle, every atom of the water is moving in a canal or in a tube or in a river but we feel entire water is moving. This illusion is out of the instantaneous Krama it is, Kṣaṇa Krama it is and we feel the river is flowing but in fact it is not the river which is flowing the instantaneous replacements of the Kṣaṇa is happening there. This knowledge is called as Vivekajaṃ Jñānam. How deep Maharshi Patanjali presents the wonderful ideas with a deep understanding. And the feeling that time is moving and that its future aspect is approaching and the past is going away can be all considered as an illusionary impressions. It is not that time is moving, future is coming, past is passing away all these are mental concepts. Just like that which is passenger in a moving railway train gets about the trees and other outside things are moving in opposite direction it is an illusion. And this knowledge is very important. Vivekajaṃ Jñānam. With this understanding let us move further in understanding the further sutras.
Om śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ.
ॐ शान्तिः शान्तिः शान्तिः||
To Be Continued.. ---------------------------------------
These are transcription of session delivered by Vice-President of Vivekananda Rock Memorial & Vivekananda Kendra, Sri M. Hanumantha Rao Ji.
Audio Link - https://youtu.be/q4cbsGqf4QI?si=Zh_JhbheQMbOHxwl
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मुक्तसंग्ङोऽनहंवादी धृत्युत्साहसमन्वित:।
सिद्धयसिद्धयोर्निर्विकार: कर्ता सात्त्विक उच्यते ॥१८.२६॥
Freed from attachment, non-egoistic, endowed with courage and enthusiasm and unperturbed by success or failure, the worker is known as a pure (Sattvika) one. Four outstanding and essential qualities of a worker. - Bhagwad Gita : XVIII-26
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